sábado, 25 de junio de 2011

¿PORQUE LOS ARTISTAS SOMOS TODOS RAROS?

Paradigma del artista extravagante, Dalí supo obtener unos magníficos réditos comerciales a toda su cadena de rarezas, "actuaciones" y excentricidades.

Los artistas somos raros porque muchos, simplemente somos así y además es lo que más nos conviene y se espera de nosotros. Los creadores vivimos de la notoriedad, la singularidad y la genialidad. Cuanto más públicas, mejor. Estas deben de manifestarse tanto en nuestra obra como en nuestra apariencia y forma vida. Por ello provocamos constantemente al espectador, que si no se sentiría muy defraudado.

Estas "peculiaridades" no siempre fueron asociadas a la figura del artista. Durante la Edad Media, éste no era más que un artesano especialmente cualificado. Los pintores vivían de los encargos de la iglesia o de la realeza. En la elaboración de un retablo intervenía un complejo equipo de carpinteros, tallistas, doradores, policromadores y finalmente, los pintores. Simplemente eran uno más en la “cadena de producción”. 

Como los demás artesanos respetables, se agrupaban en gremios. El suyo solía ser el de San Lucas, conocido por ser el pintor de la Virgen. El pintor era un artesano quizás con una capacidad especial, pero su reconocimiento social era el mismo que el que podían tener un carpintero o un tintorero. La prueba es que no solían firmar sus obras ya que no consideraban que su trabajo mereciese ningún tipo de reconocimiento singular.  Esto obliga a que hoy en día,   a los autores de las tablas góticas se les identifica con el nombre del lugar del que proceden las obras:  “Maestro de Altura,” o “Maestro de Segorbe”, ya que no van firmadas.
Uno de los primeros autoretratos conocidos de artistas: el del escultor alemán Adam Kraft. Se presenta a sí mismo de forma orgullosa y hasta un poco desafiante para la época (S. XV)
Tampoco son habituales los autoretratos de  los artistas, ya que ellos mismo no se consideraban personas especialmente dotadas que mereciesen ser inmortalizadas.

Con el Renacimiento surge la figura del artista como alguien dotado de una sensibilidad especial, cuyas obras trascienden y sobrepasan el nivel común de las realizaciones humanas. Se  empieza a cultivar la figura del “genio artístico”, como alguien capaz de realizar cosas sorprendentes. Artistas como Miguel Angel, Rafael  y Leonardo obtienen una consideración especial por parte de reyes y papas, que se disputan y hacen lo indecible por conseguir sus servicios.  Esta tendencia se confirmará en el Barroco y llegará a su culmen durante el  S.XIX.
Van Gogh con la oreja cortada, muestra de su desequilibrio interior.

Durante el Romanticismo, los artistas son considerados como seres de vida un tanto efímera, sufridores de una sensibilidad casi enfermiza. Con el impresionismo y la figura de Van Gogh, se consolida el arquetipo del artista genial que tiene necesariamente que pasar por un calvario de penalidades y sufrimientos debidos a la incomprensión social. Y esta es la figura que se ha consolidado. El artista debe de ser excéntrico, inconformista,  original, en definitiva: raro a más no poder. Si no, es que no debe de ser muy artista.

Es lógico que tengamos puntos de excentricidad. Al ser creadores, forzosamente debemos aventurarnos a explorar terrenos nuevos. Nos alejamos de los senderos ya trillados y vivencias más corrientes. Para adentrarse en estos nuevos caminos, uno se apoya en una sensibilidad y una originalidad especial. Si a esto unimos que muchas veces vivimos sumidos en cavilaciones sobre  nuestro trabajo, es fácil que parezcamos excéntrico.    

El público burgues, ve al artista con cierta envidia, ya que observa su aparente vida sin horarios ni obligaciones, que contrasta fuertemente con sus rígidos horarios. Normalmente suele haber una cierta envidia ya que se piensa que viven como dios sisn pegar ni golpe. Es lo que se ha venido a llamar la "vida bohemia"
Andy Warhol: otro gran cultivador de su imagen

Sobre todo esto es lo que se ha construido la figura actual del artista moderno. Si quiere triunfar, ante todo debe procurar crearse un "personaje" convincente, cuyas rarezas, bien aireadas por los medios, sean fiel reflejo de la presunta genialidad que bulle en su interior.  Este marketing lo han entendido y manejado de forma magistral Dalí (que periódicamente montaba un show para que no lo olvidasen), Warhol (que en el fondo se reía y despreciaba todo el montaje y últimamente Damian Hirst, que a día de hoy es el artista plástico más rico del mundo. Por algo será.
Damien Hirst

                                                                 JOSE PAYA ZAFORTEZA

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